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Plant Biotechnology in Ornamental Horticulture, by Yi Li, Yan Pei
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Find out how biotechnology can produce more nutritious fruits and vegetables, more colorful flowers, and grass that needs less water—and mowing!
Plant Biotechnology in Ornamental Horticulture presents an in-depth overview of the key scientific and technical advances, issues, and challenges in one of the fastest growing segments of the agriculture industry. This comprehensive book covers 19 different topics related to the use of transgenic plant technology to improve ornamental plants, ranging from metabolic engineering of flower color and scent to improving cold, drought, and disease tolerance in horticultural and ornamental crops to the economics of horticultural biotechnology.
Horticulture provides color and flavor to the foods we eat and variety to the products we use, and helps us sustain a healthy environment. Plant Biotechnology in Ornamental Horticulture examines the importance of biotechnology in cultivating garden crops-including fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamentals such as plants used for landscaping-by reducing pesticide use, reducing soil erosion, and developing plants with improved nutrition. Leading educators and horticultural professionals address important current and future topics, including micropropagation and regeneration, the use of molecular techniques for genetic improvement, molecular-assisted breeding, abiotic stress, the development of disease resistance, protection from insects, herbicide tolerance, controlled flowering, modifying color and fragrance, plant architecture, and senescence.
Plant Biotechnology in Ornamental Horticulture examines:
* ornamental plant transformation
* molecular phylogeny
* drought response and drought tolerance engineering
* transgenic approaches to viral, bacterial, and fungal disease resistance
* vegetable propagation by cuttings
* the promotion of flowering
* molecular aspects of leaf morphogenesis
* transgenic manipulation
* controlling invasive plants
* plant hormones, including ethylene, gibberellins (GAs), auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid (ABA)
* and much morePlant Biotechnology in Ornamental Horticulture is essential reading for plant breeders, physiologists, agronomists, molecular biologists, cropping system specialists, as well as for educators and students involved in horticulture.
- Sales Rank: #7647115 in Books
- Brand: Brand: CRC Press
- Published on: 2007-02-28
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.37" h x 1.30" w x 6.37" l, 1.76 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 517 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
A THOROUGH REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH, which employs genetic engineering strategies and biotechnology for ornamental crop improvement. . . . Of interest to any researcher involved in improving horticultural crops, such as gene introduction and increasing resistance to pests and environmental stress. -- Alan G. Smith, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
AN EXTRAORDINARY COLLECTION. . . . Each chapter is WELL WRITTEN by a world authority on the subject matter. The editors have done an excellent job keeping a tight focus on each subject. -- Michael E. Horn, PhD, Director, Cell & Molecular Biology, Phyton Biotech Inc.
Although many books have been published dealing with plant biotechnology and transgenic plants, the ones that focus on ornamental plants are rare. This book FILLS THE GAP, and should be A VERY USEFUL REFERENCE FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS, FACULTY, AND INDUSTRY SCIENTISTS working in and outside the field. -- Dr. Rongda Qu, Associate Professor, Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University
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2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
An introduction to genetically-designed horticulture
By Dr. Lee D. Carlson
The first transgenic flower was created in 1987, and ever since then horticulturists have been very enthused about the possibility of using genetic engineering to change the appearance of existing flowering species, and to create novel plants with exotic characteristics for use in the home and in the commercial realm. There has been talk about the development of user-kits that will allow both the amateur and the home horticulturist to engage in the genetic modification of plants in order to bring about plant varieties with any given phenotype. In addition, one could produce varieties that flower longer, are impervious to low temperatures, are drought-resistant, or have better and longer-lasting fruit. Such technological developments are very exciting, and when risk factors are properly taken into account, it is fascinating to contemplate what horticulturists will produce using their imagination and skills in genetic engineering. Could one for example have a lawn that only grows to a certain height or whose color can be other then green, or could trees be engineered that are still broadleaf but yet survive the coldest of winters? Could cacti be genetically engineered so that they have considerably longer flowering periods? Could leaf shape be engineered so that it is totally different than what occurs naturally, with textures or geometries selected by the horticulturist? Could the photosynthetic apparatus be altered in order for it to work in different parts of the spectrum?
In this book, which could be considered a literature survey, the authors of the articles discuss many of these developments. The interested reader is expected to have a strong background in the molecular biology of plants, but even those not expert in this area, such as this reviewer, can read most of the articles without too much difficulty. A few of the authors recognize that the genetic engineering of ornamental horticulture is still in its infancy, but they also look forward to the day when the techniques, or others similar to them, will be applied on such a scale as to make them cost effective and accessible to both the amateur and professional horticulturist. Genetic engineering can be thought of as a collection of strategies that alter the metabolism and phenotypes of plant species. The reader will encounter many of these strategies in this book, and it is very engaging reading.
One such strategy concerns the problem of proliferation of non-native plants, and the use of genetic engineering to induce fertility in these plants in order to stop or retard this proliferation. Part of this discussion concerns the tapetal-specific transcriptional activity of the tobacco TA29 gene and the Rnase (barnase) from the bacterium Bacillus anyloliquefaciens. The targeted expression of barnase by the TA29 gene promoter destroys the tapetal cells, which inhibits pollen formation and thus produces pollen-free parent (male sterility). But the authors do not discuss how to restore the fertility by use of the `barstar', which is a specific inhibitor of barnase. The restorer gene is made up of the coding region controlled by the TA29 gene promoter. The expression of barstar in the male parent does not effect the tapetal development, and the plants can thus produce pollen (male fertility). If a male-sterile plant of the female parent is crossed with a male-fertile plant of the male parent, the resulting F1 hybrid contains both genes and expresses both of them. The tapetal development will be normal and the resulting hybrid will be completely fertile. This raises the exciting possibility of performing this type of genetic engineering for all plants that reproduce sexually. Invasiveness of non-native species could thus be controlled, and even entire geographical areas could be tuned to allow only certain species to reproduce, while forbidding others.
Along these same lines the authors discuss the expression of the STIG1-barnase fusion gene in tobacco, which suppresses the stigmatic secretory zone and produces female sterility and the FBP7 gene promoter, which controls expression of barnase gene in tobacco and produces transgenic plants with no ovules or seeds. Some other strategies for inducing fertility concern the manipulation of chalcone synthase gene expression, which causes the disruption of flavonoid biosynthesis and induces male sterility; the inhibition of expression of an ethylene-forming enzyme in a pistil, which causes the disruption of ovule development and induces female sterility; the overexpression of CKX1 gene in transgenic maize, which causes male sterility; the manipulation of homeotic genes, which alters reproductive organ development, and most controversial of late the expression of a lethal gene along with the chemically inducible Cre gene in seeds, which results in seeds incapable of germination (this is the Terminator technology, which has been widely discussed in the press).
Another very interesting discussion in the book concerns the biotechnology of flowering, with particular attention paid to the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The genome of this plant was the first to be sequenced, and a full understanding of its metabolome and proteome is promised by 2010. It is not surprising therefore to find it discussed in this book, and the authors devote some space to the `ABC model' that describes the specification of floral organs. As expected, mutations that result in the reduction, alteration, or placement of the floral organs are used to identify the genes responsible for development of the floral organs. There are four such genes: AP2, AG, PI, and AP3, the misspecification of which alters floral organ types. The ABC model refers to the three concentric fields of genetic activity, with the activity of AP2 for A in whorls 1 and 2, the activity of PI/AP3 for B in whorls 2 and 3, and AG for C in whorls 3 and 4. As the author remarks, the ABC model has been refined to take into account the discovery of `MADS' genes that are involved in defining the petal, stamen, and carpel domain (the so-called MADS box is a highly conserved DNA binding domain reflecting the belief that the flowering genes belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of transcription factors). The author discusses the cloning of the flowering-time gene from A. thaliana into the genome of the ornamental species Osteospermum ecklonis in order to change the onset time for flowering.
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